Helium bụ ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ nwere akara He and atomic number 2. Ọ bụ ikuku ikuku na-adịghị ahụkebe, enweghị agba, enweghị ụtọ, enweghị ụtọ, anaghị egbu egbu, anaghị ere ọkụ, naanị sobere obere n'ime mmiri. Nleba helium na ikuku bụ 5.24 x 10-4 site na pasent olu. O nwere isi ihe na-esi esi na mgbaze kacha ala nke mmewere ọ bụla, ọ dịkwa naanị dị ka gas, ma e wezụga n'ọnọdụ oke oyi.

A na-ebuga helium dị ka gas ma ọ bụ helium mmiri mmiri ma jiri ya na ndị na-emepụta ngwá agha nuklia, semiconductor, lasers, bulbs light, superconductivity, instrumentation, semiconductor na fiber optics, cryogenic, MRI na R & D laabu nyocha.

Isi mmalite oyi dị ala

A na-eji Helium mee ihe dị ka ihe na-ekpo ọkụ nke cryogenic maka isi mmalite jụrụ oyi, dị ka imaging resonance magnet (MRI), resonance resonance nuklia (NMR) spectroscopy, superconducting quantum particle accelerator, nnukwu hadron collider, interferometer (SQUID), electron spin resonance (ESR) na superconducting magnetik ike nchekwa (SMES), MHD superconducting generators, superconducting sensọ, ike nnyefe, maglev njem, mass spectrometer, superconducting magnet, ike magnetik field separators, annular field superconducting magnets for fusion reactors na ndị ọzọ cryogenic nnyocha. Helium na-eme ka ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eme ihe na-eme ka ọ dị jụụ na ihe ndọta dị nso na efu zuru oke, mgbe ahụ nguzogide nke superconductor na-adaba na mberede na efu. Nguzogide dị ala nke superconductor na-emepụta oghere ndọta dị ike karị. N'ihe gbasara akụrụngwa MRI eji n'ụlọ ọgwụ, ebe ndọta siri ike na-emepụta nkọwa karịa na onyonyo redio.

A na-eji helium eme ihe dị ka ihe na-ekpo ọkụ nke ukwuu n'ihi na helium nwere ihe mgbaze na isi ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ, anaghị akwado ya na nrụgide ikuku na 0 K, na helium na-adịghị ahụkem nke ọma, na-eme ka ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ikwe omume imeghachi omume na ihe ndị ọzọ. Na mgbakwunye, helium na-aghọ superfluid n'okpuru 2.2 Kelvin. Ruo ugbu a, ejibeghị ihe pụrụ iche ultra-mobility eme ihe na ngwa nrụpụta ọ bụla. Na okpomọkụ dị n'okpuru 17 Kelvin, ọ dịghị ihe dochie anya helium dị ka refrigerant na cryogenic isi iyi.

Aeronautics na Astronautics

A na-ejikwa helium na balloons na ụgbọ elu. N'ihi na helium dị mfe karịa ikuku, ụgbọ elu na balloons jupụtara na helium. Helium nwere uru nke ịbụ onye na-adịghị ere ọkụ, ọ bụ ezie na hydrogen na-ebuwanye ibu ma nwee obere mgbapụ site na akpụkpọ ahụ. Ihe ọzọ eji eme ihe nke abụọ bụ na teknụzụ rọketi, ebe a na-eji helium mee ihe dị ka ihe na-efunahụ mmanụ na oxidizer na tankị nchekwa na condense hydrogen na oxygen iji mee mmanụ rọketi. Enwere ike iji ya wepụ mmanụ na oxidizer n'ime akụrụngwa nkwado ala tupu ebido ya, ma nwee ike mee ka hydrogen mmiri dị jụụ n'ụgbọelu ahụ. N'ime rọketi Saturn V nke e ji mee ihe na mmemme Apollo, ihe dị ka mita 370,000 (mita cubic cubic) nke helium dị mkpa iji malite.

Nchọpụta Nchọpụta Ọpụpụ na Nchọpụta Nchọpụta

Ihe ọzọ ụlọ ọrụ na-eji helium eme ihe bụ nchọpụta nkwụsị. A na-eji nchọpụta ihi mmiri chọpụta ntapu na sistemu nwere mmiri mmiri na gas. N'ihi na helium na-agbasa site na ihe siri ike ugboro atọ ngwa ngwa karịa ikuku, a na-eji ya dị ka gas tracer iji chọpụta nkwụsịtụ na ngwá ọrụ dị elu (dị ka tankị cryogenic) na ụgbọ mmiri dị elu. A na-etinye ihe ahụ n'ime ụlọ, nke a na-ewepụ ma jupụta na helium. Ọbụlagodi na ọnụego ntapu dị ala dị ka 10-9 mbar •L/s (10-10 Pa•m3 / s), helium na-agbanahụ na ntapu nwere ike ịchọpụta site na ngwaọrụ nwere mmetụta (ihe nlele helium mass spectrometer). Usoro nha na-abụkarị akpaaka, a na-akpọkwa ya nnwale nnabata helium. Ụzọ ọzọ dị mfe bụ iji helium mejupụta ihe a na-ajụ ajụjụ ma jiri aka na-eji ngwaọrụ ejiri aka chọọ mmiri ozuzo.

A na-eji helium eme nchọpụta ntanye n'ihi na ọ bụ obere molecule na ọ bụ molekul monatomic, ya mere helium na-agbapụta ngwa ngwa. A na-ejupụta gas helium n'ime ihe ahụ mgbe a na-achọpụta mmiri ozuzo, ma ọ bụrụ na mmiri na-apụta, ihe nlele helium mass spectrometer ga-enwe ike ịchọpụta ebe ọ dị. Enwere ike iji helium chọpụta ntanye na rọketi, tankị mmanụ ọkụ, ndị na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ, ahịrị gas, ngwa eletrọnịkị, tubes TELEVISION na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ihe. Nchọpụta ntanye na-eji helium bụ nke mbụ a na-eji n'oge ọrụ Manhattan iji chọpụta ntapu na osisi na-eme ka uranium. Enwere ike iji hydrogen, nitrogen ma ọ bụ ngwakọta nke hydrogen na nitrogen dochie helium nchọpụta ntapu.

Welding na metal arụ ọrụ

A na-eji gas helium dị ka gas nchebe na ịgbado ọkụ arc na plasma arc n'ihi ike ionization ya dị elu karịa atọm ndị ọzọ. Helium gas na gburugburu weld na-egbochi ígwè ahụ ịza n'ime ala gbazere. Ike ionization dị elu nke helium na-enye ohere ịgbado plasma arc nke ọla ndị yiri nke a na-eji na-ewu, ụgbọ mmiri na mbara igwe, dị ka titanium, zirconium, magnesium, na aluminom alloys. Ọ bụ ezie na helium dị na gas na-echebe nwere ike iji argon ma ọ bụ hydrogen dochie, ụfọdụ ihe (dị ka titanium helium) enweghị ike dochie anya maka ịgbado ọkụ plasma. N'ihi na helium bụ naanị gas dị mma na oke okpomọkụ.

Otu n'ime akụkụ kachasị arụ ọrụ nke mmepe bụ ịgbado ọkụ igwe anaghị agba nchara. Helium bụ gas inert, nke pụtara na ọ naghị enweta mmeghachi omume kemịkal ọ bụla mgbe ekpughere ya na ihe ndị ọzọ. Njirimara a dị mkpa karịsịa na ikuku nchebe ịgbado ọkụ.

Helium na-eduzi okpomọkụ nke ọma. Nke a bụ ya mere a na-ejikarị eme ihe na welds ebe a chọrọ ntinye ọkụ dị elu iji melite wettability nke weld. Helium bara uru maka ịgba ọsọ.

A na-ejikọta Helium na argon n'ụdị dịgasị iche iche na ngwakọta gas na-echebe iji nweta uru dị mma nke gas abụọ ahụ. Helium, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka gas na-echebe iji nyere aka inye ụdị ntinye n'oge ịgbado ọkụ. Mana helium anaghị enye ihicha nke argon na-eme.

N'ihi ya, ndị na-emepụta ígwè na-atụlekarị ịgwakọta argon na helium dị ka akụkụ nke usoro ọrụ ha. Maka ịgbado ọkụ igwe mkpuchi mkpuchi gas, helium nwere ike ịnwe 25% ruo 75% nke ngwakọta gas na ngwakọta helium/argon. Site n'ịgbanwe nhazi nke ngwakọta gas na-echebe, onye na-emepụta ihe nwere ike imetụta nkesa okpomọkụ nke weld, nke na-emetụta ọdịdị nke akụkụ obe nke metal weld na ọsọ ịgbado ọkụ.

Ụlọ ọrụ Semiconductor Electronic

Dị ka gas inert, helium kwụsiri ike nke na ọ naghị emeghachi omume na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ. Ihe onwunwe a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ọta na ịgbado ọkụ arc (iji gbochie ikuku oxygen na ikuku). Helium nwekwara ngwa ndị ọzọ dị oke egwu, dị ka semiconductor na mmepụta eriri anya. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ọ nwere ike dochie nitrogen na mmiri mmiri miri emi iji gbochie ịmepụta nitrogen afụ n'ime ọbara, si otú a gbochie ọrịa mmiri mmiri.

Ọnụ ahịa Helium zuru ụwa ọnụ (2016-2027)

Ahịa helium zuru ụwa ọnụ ruru anyị $ 1825.37 nde na 2020 ma na-atụ anya iru US $ 2742.04 nde na 2027, yana ọnụego uto kwa afọ (CAGR) nke 5.65% (2021-2027). Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere nnukwu ejighị n'aka na afọ ndị na-abịanụ. Amụma amụma maka 2021-2027 na akwụkwọ a dabere na mmepe akụkọ ihe mere eme nke afọ ole na ole gara aga, echiche nke ndị ọkachamara ụlọ ọrụ na echiche nke ndị nyocha na akwụkwọ a.

Ụlọ ọrụ helium na-etinye uche nke ukwuu, sitere na ihe ndị sitere n'okike, ma nwee oke ndị na-emepụta ụwa, karịsịa na United States, Russia, Qatar na Algeria. N'ụwa, ngalaba ndị na-azụ ahịa na-etinye uche na United States, China, na Europe na ndị ọzọ. United States nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọnọdụ enweghị atụ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.

Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ nwere ọtụtụ ụlọ nrụpụta, mana ha anaghị adịkarị nso n'ahịa ndị ahịa ha na-achọ. Ya mere, ngwaahịa ahụ nwere ọnụ ahịa njem dị elu.

Kemgbe afọ ise mbụ, mmepụta ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ tolite. Helium bụ isi iyi ike anaghị emeghari, yana amụma dị na mba ndị na-emepụta iji hụ na ọ na-aga n'ihu. Ụfọdụ na-ebu amụma na helium ga-agwụ n'ọdịnihu.

Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke mbubata na mbupụ. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mba niile na-eji helium, mana ọ bụ naanị ole na ole nwere ebe nchekwa helium.

Helium nwere ọtụtụ ojiji ọ ga-adị na mpaghara ndị ọzọ. N'iburu ụkọ ihe ndị sitere n'okike, ọchịchọ maka helium nwere ike ịbawanye n'ọdịnihu, na-achọ ụzọ ọzọ kwesịrị ekwesị. A na-atụ anya na ọnụ ahịa helium ga-aga n'ihu na-ebili site na 2021 ruo 2026, site na $13.53 / m3 (2020) ruo $19.09 / m3 (2027).

Akụ na ụba na amụma na-emetụta ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Ka akụ na ụba ụwa na-agbake, ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-enwe nchegbu banyere imeziwanye ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi, karịsịa na mpaghara ndị na-emepe emepe nke nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu na ụba akụ na ụba ngwa ngwa, ọchịchọ maka helium ga-abawanye.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ndị isi zuru ụwa ọnụ na-emepụta ihe gụnyere Rasgas, Linde Group, Air Chemical, ExxonMobil, Air Liquide (Dz) na Gazprom (Ru), wdg Na 2020, òkè ahịa nke ndị na-emepụta Top 6 ga-agafe 74%. A na-atụ anya na asọmpi na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ga-esiwanye ike n'ime afọ ole na ole sochirinụ.

Ngwa HL Cryogenic

N'ihi ụkọ nke ihe onwunwe helium mmiri mmiri na ọnụ ahịa na-arị elu, ọ dị mkpa iji belata mfu na mgbake nke helium mmiri na-eji ya na usoro njem.

Ngwa HL Cryogenic Equipment nke hiwere na 1992 bụ akara ejikọtara na HL Cryogenic Equipment Company Cryogenic Equipment Co., Ltd. HL Cryogenic Equipment kwadoro imewe na imepụta nke High Vacuum Insulated Cryogenic Pipe System na ihe nkwado yiri ya iji gboo mkpa dị iche iche nke ndị ahịa. The Vacuum Insulated Pipe na Flexible Hose na-wuru na nnukwu oghere na multi-layer multi-screen insulated ihe pụrụ iche, ma na-agafe usoro ọgwụgwọ teknụzụ siri ike na ọgwụgwọ dị elu, nke a na-eji maka ịnyefe oxygen mmiri mmiri, nitrogen mmiri mmiri. , mmiri mmiri argon, mmiri mmiri hydrogen, mmiri mmiri helium, liquefied ethylene gas LEG na liquefied ọdịdị gas LNG.

Usoro ngwaahịa nke Vacuum Jacketed Pipe, Vacuum Jacketed Hose, Vacuum Jacketed Valve, na Phase Separator na HL Cryogenic Equipment Company, nke gafere usoro ọgwụgwọ teknụzụ siri ike, na-eji maka ịnyefe oxygen mmiri mmiri, nitrogen mmiri mmiri, argon mmiri mmiri, mmiri mmiri hydrogen, mmiri mmiri helium, LEG na LNG, na ngwaahịa ndị a na-eje ozi maka cryogenic akụrụngwa (eg cryogenic tankị, dewars na coldboxes wdg) na ụlọ ọrụ nke ikuku nkewa, gas, ụgbọ elu, electronics, superconductor, ibe, akpaaka mgbakọ, nri & ihe ọṅụṅụ, ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ, ụlọ ọgwụ, biobank, roba, ihe ọhụrụ na-emepụta chemical engineering, iron & steel, na nchọpụta sayensị wdg.

HL Cryogenic Equipment Company abụrụla onye na-ebubata / onye na-ere Linde, Air Liquide, Air Products (AP), Praxair, Messer, BOC, Iwatani, na Hangzhou Oxygen Plant Group (Hangyang) wdg.